Anatomy Mnemonics Collections for Medical Students Set-3

Here is the set 3 of  medical anatomy mnemonics .These are collected from various offline and online sources including text books.If you know any other anatomy mnemonics please share via comments.

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3rd set

Posterior mediastinum: contents DATES:
Descending aorta
Azygos and hemiazygous veins
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Sympathetic trunk/ganglia

Nasal cavity components "Never Call Me
Needle Nose!":
Nares [external]
Conchae
Meatuses
Nares [internal]
Nasopharynx
· Note mnemonic sentence is nasally-related.

 Bones of the Wrist

"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle"

-Scaphoid
-Lunate
-Triquetrum
-Pisiform
-Trapezium
-Trapezoid
-Capitate
-Hamate

*Remember, the "trapezi-UM" is under the "thUMb."
*Scaphocephaly is when your head is too long, so this is the longest
*Capital "caps" off (top middle)

Plantarflexion vs. dorsiflexion Plantar flexion
occurs when you squish a Plant with your foot.

Thyroid: isthmus location "Rings 2,3,4 make the 
isthmus floor":
Isthmus overlies tracheal rings 2,3,4

Thoracic duct: which half of upper body does it drain Know
drains all of lower body, but was it the right or the left part of the upper
body?
Answer: its Lymph from the Left of the upper body.

Soleus vs. gastrocnemius muscle function "Stand on
your Soles. Explosive gas":
You stand on soles of your shoes, so Soleus is for posture.
Gasoline is explosive, so Gastrocnemius is for explosive movement.

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg Second letter rule for
inversion/eversion:
· Eversion muscles:
pErineus longus
pErineus brevis
pErineus terius
· Inversion muscles:
tIbialis anterior
tIbialis posterior

Liver inferior markings showing right/left lobe vs. vascular
divisions There's a Hepatic "H" on inferior of liver. One
vertical stick of the H is the dividing line for anatomical right/left lobe and
the other vertical stick is the divider for vascular halves. Stick that divides
the liver into vascular halves is the one with vena cava impression (since vena
cava carries blood, it's fortunate that it's the divider for blood halves).

Supination vs. pronation: which is more powerful Screws were
designed to be tightened well by majority of people.
"Righty tighty": to tighten screws you turn to the right.
Majority of people are right-handed.
Turning right-hand to the right is supination.

Pleura surface markings "All the even ribs, in order: 
2,4,6,8,10,12 show its route":
Rib2: sharp angle inferiorly
Rib4: the left pleura does a lateral shift to accommodate heart
Rib6: both diverge laterally
Rib8: midclavicular line
Rib10: midaxillary line
Rib12: the back

Palmaris longus: location, relative to wrist nerves "The 
Palmaris between two Palmars":
Palmaris longus is between the Palmar cutaneous branch of Ulnar
nerve and Palmar cutaneous branch of Median nerve.

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes MEDIAN TRAP:
Myxoedema
Edema premenstrually
Diabetes
Idiopathic
Agromegaly
Neoplasm
Trauma
Rheumatoid arthritis
Amyloidosis
Pregnancy
· Mnemonic fits nicely since median nerve is trapped.

Pectoral nerves: path of lateral vs. medial "Lateral
Less, Medial More":
Lateral pectoral nerve only goes through Pectoralis major, but
Medial pectoral nerve goes though both Pectoralis major and minor.

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side Make a fist with your
thumb up in the air and say "Rad!".
Your thumb is now pointing to your Radius.
· Note: 'Rad!' was a late 80's catchphrase, short for 'Radical'. Things that
were good were called 'Rad'.

Median nerve: recognizing it in an opened axilla The Median
nerve is the Middle of a giant capital "M" formed by the
musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

Carpal bone having the hook The Hamate has the Hook.

Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers · A
little rhyme:
Superficialis Splits in two,
To Permit Profundus Passing through.

 Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Sympathetic: "Fight or
Flight"
Parasympathetic: "Sex, Sandwiches and Sleep"

Tarsal bones of ankle "Tiger Cubs Need
MILC":
Superior, then clockwise on right foot:
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid

Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria SPACE:
Subcutaneous nodules
Pancarditis
Arthritis
Chorea
Erythema Marginatum

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface) "All For
One And One For All":
· Thenar:
Abductor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis.
· Hypothenar:
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi

Bifurcation vertebral landmarks · A bifurcation occurs on 
4th level of each vertebral column:
C4: bifurcation of common carotid artery
T4: bifurcation of trachea
L4: bifurcation of aorta

Femoral triangle: boundaries "Femoral triangle is shaped
like a SAIL":
Sartorius
Aductor longus
Inguinal Ligament

Lingula location LingULa = Left Upper
Lobe

Grey vs. white rami communicantes WhIte = On
the Way In to the sympathetic trunk
GrEy = Exiting the sympathetic trunk

Muscles of respiration "Don't Exercise In
Quicksand":
Diaprahm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Quadratus

Sacral plexus: posterior components "Common Gluttons
For Punishment":
Common fibular
Gluteals (superior and inferior)
Femoral cutaneous (Posterior)
Piriformis nerve

Cervical vertebra: landmarks at each level "NoaH
Told MariaH To Try Cervical Counting":
Nose (base), Hard palate: C1
Teeth: C2
Mandible, Hyoid bone: C3
Thyroid cartilage (upper): C4
Thyroid cartilage (lower): C5
Cricoid cartilage: C6
Cricoid cartilage (just below): C7

Deltoid: proximal attachments Deltoid CLASPs:
Clavicle, Acromion and Spine of the scapula.

Musculocutaneous nerve: muscles supplied BBC:
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Pharynx vs. larynx Eat Phood with your Pharynx.
Sing La La La with your Larynx

Supination vs. pronation Supination: palm to the Sun
Pronation: palm to the Plants.

Skull bones "STEP OF 6 "
· The 6 skull bones are:
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
· Alternatively: "STEP OFf my skull".

Balance organs: relative position of saccule vs. utricle
"Your SAC is below U":
Saccule is below the Utricle.
· Note: "sac" is slang for male genitalia, and it thus down "below".

Hand: nerve lesions DR CUMA:
Drop=Radial nerve
Claw=Ulnar nerve
Median nerve=Ape hand (or Apostol [preacher] hand)

Branches of Internal Iliac Artery "I Love Going
Places In My Very Own Underwear":
Ileolumbar
Lateral sacral
Gluteal (superior and inferior)
Pudendal (internal)
Inferior vesicle (uterine in females)
Middle rectal
Vaginal
Obturator
Umbilical

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side "I cut off my thumb
with a radial saw!":
The radius is on the thumb side of the arm.

Ulnar nerve to ulnar artery and radial nerve to radial artery
relations Think "peripheral nerves":
The ulnar nerve is "ulnar" to the ulnar artery.
Radial nerve is "radial" to the radial artery.

 Superior orbital fissure: Structures passing through

 'Live Frankly To See Absolutely No Insult'

Dermatome C6 location Stick arm out like crucifixion
stance. Curl your thumb and forefinger into an "OK" symbol while keeping
your other fingers straight.
Your hand should now look like a 6 shape.
So C6 dermatome is your thumb and top of arm (reason for
crucifix stance).

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment
BrachioRadialis:
Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest
when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.
Innervation: Breaks Rule: it's a flexor muscle, But Radial.
(Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was for
brachioradialis).
Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital
fossa.
Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.

Diaphram aperatures: spinal levels "Come Enter
the Abdomen:
Vena Cava [8]
Esophagus [10]
Aorta [12]

Extensor expansion location in the hand The eXtensor
eXpansion is on the proXimal phalynX.

Leino- definition "Leino" rhymes with "spleen-o":
Therefore leino- means something to do with the spleen.

Kidney hilums at transpyloric plane [L1] L-1 goes
through hilum of only 1 kidney, and it's the Left one.

Lung lobe numbers: right vs. left Tricuspid heart
valve and tri-lobed lung both on the right side.
Bicuspid and bi-lobed lung both on the left side.

Vertebrae: recognizing a thoracic from lumbar Examine
vertebral body shape:
Thoracic is heart-shaped body since your heart is in your
thorax.
Lumbar is kidney-bean shaped since kidneys are in lumbar
area.

Navicular contacts 3 of 5 cuneiform bones "Navicular
is like the Navigator logo":
There are 3 things coming off each.
· See diagram.
Therefore, cuboid has to contact 2 of the 5.

Rotator cuff muscles "The SITS muscles":
· Clockwise from top:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
· A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, he
SITS out for the rest of the game, and then gets sent to the minor
leagues.

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated "The LOAF
muscles":
Lumbricals 1 and 2
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
· Alternatively: LLOAF, with 2 L's, to recall there's 2 lumbricals.
· To remember that these are the Median nerve muscles, think "Meat
LOAF".

Trigeminal nerve: where branches exit skull "Standing
Room Only":
Superior orbital fissure is V1
foramen Rotundum is V2
foramen Ovale is V3

Tonsils: The three types "PPL (people) have tonsils":
Pharyngeal
Palatine
Lingual

Cubital fossa contents "N-MAN":
· From lateral to medial:
Nerve
Muscle
Artery
Nerve
· Specifics are radial Nerve, biceps Muscle tendon, brachial Artery, median
Nerve.

Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface anatomy "1,3,5,7,9,11":
Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches.
Weight is 7 ounces.
It underlies ribs 9 through 11.

Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery relation "Water under
the bridge":
The ureters (which carry water), are posterior to the
ovarian/testicular artery.
· Clinically important, since a common surgical error is to cut ureter instead
of ovarian artery when removing uterus.

Oblique muscles: direction of externals vs. internals "Hands
in your pockets":
When put hands in your pockets, fingers now lie on top of external obliques and
fingers point their direction of fibers: down and towards midline.
· Note: "oblique" tells that must be going at an angle.
· Internal obliques are at right angles to external.

Duodenum: lengths of parts "Counting 1 to 4 but
staggered":
1st part: 2 inches
2nd part: 3 inches
3rd part: 4 inches
4th part: 1 inch

Hip posterior dislocation: most likely arrangement for one
"Hitting the brake pedal before the accident":
You are sitting, so hip is flexed, and adducted and medially
rotated so can move your foot away from the gas pedal over to the brake
pedal.
· Note: car accidents are most likely cause of posterior dislocation because in
this position.

Buttock quadrant safest for needle insertion "Shut up
and butt out":
The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock safely avoids
hitting sciatic nerve.

Radial nerve: muscles supplied (simplified) "BEST
muscles":
Brachioradialis
Extensors
Supinator
Triceps

Rib costal groove: order of intercostal blood vessels and nerve
VAN:
· From superior to inferior:
Vein
Artery
Nerve

Brachial plexus subunits "Randy Travis Drinks
Cold Beer":
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
· Alternatively: "Read The Damn Cadaver Book!"
· Alternatively: "Real Texans Drink Coors Beer".

Diaphragm innervation "3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm
alive":
Diaphragm innervation is cervical roots 3, 4, and 5.

Serratus anterior: innervation and action "C5-6-7 
raise your wings up to heaven":
C567 injury causes inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to 
heaven, and results in a winging of the scapula.
· Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior.

Thoracic duct: relation to azygous vein and esophagus "The
duck between 2 gooses":
Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2 gooses, azygous and esophagus.

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it "The 
lady between two majors":
Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.
Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.
Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.

Aortic arch: major branch order "Know your ABC'S":
Aortic arch gives rise to:
Brachiocephalic trunk
left Common Carotid
left Subclavian
· Beware though trick question of 'What is first branch of aorta?' Technically,
it's the coronary arteries.

Supine vs. prone body position Know SUPination is
your hand while carrying a bowl of SOUP. Your face follows where your
palm is facing [i.e. up]. Put a handpuppet on your hand while hand is in
supination and the puppet will be the supine position.



Bowel Components

"Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report"

-Duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
-Appendix
-Colon
-Sigmoid
-Rectum



Brachial Plexus

"Real Texans Drink Cold beer"

-Roots
-Trunks
-Divisions
-Cords
-Branches



Brachial Plexus Branches

"My Aunt Raped My Uncle"

-Musculocutaneous
-Axillary
-Radial
-Median
-Ulnar



Brachial Plexus Lateral Cord

"Love Me Lucy"

-Lateral root of median nerve
-Musculocutaneous nerve
-Lateral pectoral nerve



Brachial Plexus Medial Cord

"Please, CA, Come Fold My Underwear"

-Medial Pectoral nerve
-Medial Cutaneous nerve of Arm
-Medial Cutaneous nerve of Forearm
-Medial root of median nerve
-Ulnar nerve



Branches for the Post. Cord of Brach Plexus

"ULNAR"

-Upper subscapular nerve
-Lower subscapular nerve
-Nerve to latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)
-Axillary nerve
-Radial nerve

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location · Since
there's two T's in carpal bone mnemonic sentences, need to know which T is
where:
TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE.
· Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is by
its SIDE.

Lumbricals action Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is
to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints.
When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an "L" shape, since L
is for Lumbrical.

Elbow: which side has common flexor origin FM (as in
FM Radio):
Flexor Medial, so Common Flexor Origin is on the medial side.

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it
"Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry":
· From anterior to posterior:
Tibialis
Digitorum
Artery
Nerve
Hallicus
· Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus,
Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus Longus.
· Alternatively: "Tom, Dick ANd Harry".
· Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry".

Tibia vs. fibula: which is lateral The FibuLA is 
LAteral.

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement The two Semi's go
together, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus.
The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together,
Semitendonosus is also medial.
Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.
Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is on
Top.

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents NAVEL:
· From lateral hip towards medial navel:
Nerve (directly behind sheath)
Artery (within sheath)
Vein (within sheath)
Empty space (between vein and lymph)
Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node)
· Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.

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