Saturday 31 August 2013

Friday 30 August 2013

Sinus rhythm and premature beats



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWi-tmFRs_w

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Normal Sinus Rhythm



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHH2zjT0yME

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

how to analyse an ecg rhythm



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSJXnyac82o
MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

ecg basics

ecg basics-part 1




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFuI6nQQMME
MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

para pneumonic effusion




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zj2ScJsMHpM
MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

obstructive sleep apnoea



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1-42BsQNsc
 MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

respiratory system changes in pregnancy



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4nAlbdvHTQ
MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Inhaler therapy

Inhaler therapy  in copd asthma


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IzPW4kEzOI
 MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q60kJNkqbOM

 MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Thursday 29 August 2013

Top 10 Paid Medical Android Applications and steps to get it FREE !!!

First I will list Top Paid Android Medical Applications for Doctors and medical students and at the end of this post will tell the steps needed  to get them absolutely free !!!Please also comment any other paid application more useful for you !!
Also Check my post Top 10 Free Android Medical Apps for Doctors and Medical Students
1) Visual Anatomy 


Visual Anatomy is an interactive reference, and education tool. The full version contains more than 200 high-resolution images and more than 850 feature points which can be interactively selected. Each feature has its own label and short description. The app also has search function which can be used as searching the labels of all feature points. In additional, 6 quizzes with 150 multi-choice questions also are included.


2)ECG Guide by QxMD  


Features: ✦ ECG Guide (EKG Guide): Full reference text that includes in-depth information on topics such as: - Approach to ECG Interpretation - Analysis of rate, rhythm, axis, P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave and QT interval - Ventricular hypertrophy and atrial enlargement - Assessment of ischemia - Approach to arrhythmia - Bradyarrythmias and tachyarrythmias, Heart block, and much mor

3)Pedi Safe Medications 
Features
• Pediatric & Adult Weight-Based Doses
• Broselow Colors Help Identify Weight
• Airway Equipment Selection & Size
• Normal Vitals Signs for Pediatrics
• ACLS & PALS Emergency Medications
• Simplify the Medication Delivery System


4)Pedi STAT



Essential for any physician, nurse, paramedic, or medical trainee involved in the care of critically ill pediatric patients.
Enter weight, age, length or Broselow color and view extensive data on critical care drug dosing and life support management.


5)Critical Care ACLS Guide





* Current ACLS Algorithms 

* Emergency & ACLS Drugs 
* 12-Lead EKG Section & Acute MI 
* Basic EKG Rhythms 
* Laryngeal Mask Airway / RSI 
* “Rave” Drugs 
* Basic Chest X-Ray Interpretation 
* Fibrinolytic Screen for AMI & Stroke 
* Ischemic Stroke Management / Neuro 
* Pediatric Resuscitation, Drug Doses, Vitals 
* End-Tidal CO2 / Capnography / Ventilator Guidelines 
* Trauma & Glasgow Coma Scales 
* Common Medical Emergencies 
* Burn Charts, the “Rule of 9s” 
* Pulse Oximetry, IV Drip Rates 
* Quick EMS Spanish Translations 
* Lab Values, Metrics, and Notes Pages

6)12-Lead ECG Challenge






12-Lead ECG Challenge is the ideal way to sharpen your 12-Lead ECG interpretation skills. Created by Tom Bouthillet electrocardiography expert and popular ECG blogger, this app contains 150 clinically obtained 12-lead ECGs to provide you the practice, insights and confidence you need!
The 12-Lead ECG Challenge app presents a wide variety of cardiac pathologies including a special emphasis on acute STEMI and the STEMI mimics, electrolyte imbalances and others. If you are responsible for cath lab activation, this program is ideal for honing skills and preventing false activation.

7)Acid Plus - The ABG Calculator



Features:
• Fast, accurate input using the dial 
• Primary calculations including partial and complete compensations using anion gap with delta delta
• International support for kPa
• Ability to discern complex acid/base problems with secondary disorders
• See the anion gap and delta delta displayed on-screen with metabolic acidoses
• First ABG app to use the easy rotating picker for entering values
• Detailed views listing common causes of the primary acid-base disorder
• Optionally display base excess to gauge severity of a disorder 
• Rotating your device right or left to landscape view reveals a colorful acid-base graph
• Real-time bouncing arrow pointing to the correct disorder on the graph
• Set your own institution's anion gap easily for personalized results
• Save and recall your most recent ABG for quick review
• Available on iOS devices for over 2 years and used by nearly 20,000 users with reliable results!

8)Pocket Lab Values




More than 320+ lab values are included in the following categories:
+ Cardiovascular (24)
+ Electrolytes (29)
+ Endocrine (28)
+ Gastrointestinal (19)
+ Hematology (59)
+ Immunology (33)
+ Neurology (14)
+ Oncology (12)
+ Renal (26)
+ Respiratory (12)
+ Toxicology (33)


9)Diagnosaurus DDx

Quickly search over 1,000 differential diagnoses by organ system, symptom, disease, or browse all entries to help you reach an accurate diagnosis. Use the "See Related DDx" feature within each entry to consider alternative diagnoses and quickly link to those entries. Bookmark entries in Favorites to retrieve later.


10)Lab Values + Medical Reference



You’re a busy healthcare worker on the go, seeing patients, helping people. You need answers and references fast, so you can keep the flow going and get to as many patients as you can. That’s why you need 3 in 1 Lab Reference on your iPhone, iPod touch or iPad.
This is really three medical apps in one. Lab Reference Values, Medical Abbreviations, and Medical Prefix and Suffix, are all inside this amazingly helpful application.

List made by Medicos world : www.mediconet.blogspot.com
Finally how to get Your Paid Application Absolutely FREE !!
1. Go to http://www.4shared.com from your android smartphone. 
2. In the search bar type in the name of the app you want followed by ".apk" 
(example: Visual Anatomy .apk
3. After you click the search button you'll see a list of many versions of the app you want. I'd suggest you pick out the latest version you see. 
4. After you download the app, click on it from the download list on your browser. A list will pop up saying "Complete Action with:". Click "Package Installer". 
5. Your app will then be installed on your phone! Simple! 
6.If you are not getting .apk file from 4shared.com , try to search google with term  "name of the app you want followed by ".apk" .From the search result select one shared sites link.
Also Check my post Top 10 Free Android Medical Apps for Doctors and Medical Students

Please also comment any other paid application more useful for you !!

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Wednesday 28 August 2013

Immunoglobulins: Important Points To Remember



1. Smallest Ig- IgG
2. Largest Ig- IgM
3. Maximum serum concentration- IgG
4. Minimum serum concentration- IgE
5.Heat Labile- IgE
6. Earliest to be Synthesised (primary immune response)- IgM
7. Secondary immune response- IgG
8. Crosses Placenta- IgG
9. Minimum half Life- IgE
10. Maximum half life- IgG

11. Protects Surfaces- IgA
12. Warm Antibodies- IgG
13. Cold Antbodies- IgM
14. Present in Milk- IgG and IgA
15. Fix complements via classical pathway- IgM & IgG
16. Fix complements via alternative pathway- IgA & IgD
17. Primary allergic response- IgE
18. Maximum sedimentation cofficient- IgM
19. Reagin activity - IgE
20. Antigen recognition by B cells - IgD
21. Prausnitz kustner reaction - IgE
22. Homocytotropism - IgE
23. Present in milk - IgA & IgG
24. Highest carbohydrate - IgE
25. Lowest carbohydrate - IgG


MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Top 10 Free Android Medical Apps for Doctors and Medical Students

Below is a List of Top 10  Free Android Medical Applications for Doctors and Medical Students.Please comment below any other popular applications used by you. Also visit -Top 10 Paid Android Medical applications and the steps to get them FREE !!!

1. Medscape



Download From Google Play Store

Medscape is the leading medical resource most used by physicians, medical students, nurses and other healthcare professionals for clinical information.
Used by over 2 million registered users.

APP FEATURES:



MEDICAL NEWS FROM MEDSCAPE NEWS
- Medical news and critical alerts available in 34 specialty areas (updated daily). Select the specialties you want to follow. 
- Search our entire Medscape News and MEDLINE databases right in app. 
- Ability to save and email articles, share articles on Facebook, and read offline. No Internet connection required.
CLINICAL REFERENCE FROM MEDSCAPE REFERENCE
Drugs:
- Prescribing & safety information for 8,000+ brand & generic drugs, OTC drugs, and herbals & supplements 
- Drug interaction checker (input up to 30 drugs, herbals and/or supplements at once) 
- Save commonly searched drugs to a personalized ‘saved’ list for easy access 
- Special features include pill images, detailed drug pricing, pregnancy & lactation guidelines, and more

2. Epocrates




Download From Google Play Store

More than 1 million active members, including 50% of U.S. physicians, rely on Epocrates to enable better patient care by delivering the right information, right when it's needed.
Healthcare professionals worldwide use Epocrates routinely to:
-Review drug prescribing and safety information for thousands of brand, generic, and OTC drugs
-Check for potentially harmful drug-drug interactions among up to 30 drugs at a time
-Select national and regional healthcare insurance formularies for drug coverage information
-Identify pills by imprint code and physical characteristics
-Perform dozens of calculations, such as BMI and GFR
-Access timely medical news and research information
Disease information, alternative medications, lab guides and more clinical tools and content are available by upgrading to an Epocrates Essentials subscription.


3. Skyscape



Download From Google Play Store

The Skyscape Medical Resources app is used by more than 2.5 million healthcare professionals (HCPs) to access the medical resources they know and trust at the point of care. This valuable decision-support tool helps physicians, nurses, students and other HCPs find the right answers, right away.
EVERYTHING YOU NEED IN ONE APP
• The free Skyscape app comes loaded with a valuable package of medical resources, including drug information, medical calculators and clinical information on over 850 topics.
• You can purchase any of more than 600 premium resources in 35 medical specialties and access all of them from within this one convenient app. 
• Robust features include SmartLink™, Skyscape’s proprietary cross-reference functionality; medical calculators; algorithms; interactive images; flowcharts; and frequent content updates.
INCLUDED FOR FREE
• RxDrugs: Comprehensive information on thousands of brands and generics, with interactions (including multi-drug analyzer tool), pill images and over 400 integrated dosing calculators. This resource also includes formulary information covering 5,000 health plans in all 50 US states.
• Archimedes: Medical calculator with more than 200 interactive tools, organized by specialty.
• Outlines in Clinical Medicine: Evidence-based clinical information on hundreds of diseases and symptom-related topics, presented in convenient outline format.
• MedAlert™: In-context and specialty-focused journal summaries, trial results, breaking clinical news, drug alerts and other information, fully integrated with the app’s global search and SmartLink.


4.Quick LabRef



Download From Google Play Store

Quick LabRef for Android (Quick Clinical Laboratory Values Reference) provides quick look at the up-to-date information on the most commonly used clinical laboratory values and other useful relevant information such as lab data in Microbiology, Physiology / Pathophysiology, Toxicology and etc. Normal values reference are provided in both Conventional Units (CU) and, whenever available, in units of the “Sistème International” (SI).


5. Calculate by QxMD



Download From Google Play Store

Essential tools in General Practice, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Surgery, Obstetrics, Nephrology, Hematology, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Respirology, and more.
"We recommend medical users try the free Calculate by QxMD first..."
-from iMedicalApps review "The best free Medical Calculator apps for the iPhone"
'Calculate' is focused on highlighting tools which are actually useful in clinical practice and serve to impact diagnosis, treatment or determining prognosis.
Helping you make decisions, not just calculate numbers...
Features
• Developed by a collaboration of clinician experts from diverse backgrounds
• Converts recent research publications into practical handheld tools - knowledge translation at its best
• Automatically adapts to your self-described clinical practice
• Unique ‘Question Flow’ technology gets you answers, fast
• Detailed references with Pubmed integration
• Comprehensive and insightful results
• Elegant design and intuitive interface
• SI and Conventional units
More than 150 Unique calculators and Decision Support tools
While too extensive to list them all, here is a small sampling of included content:
Reduce and predict perioperative complications
• WHO Surgical Safety Checklist
• Predictive models for cardiac surgery and coronary angiography
Guide treatment
• Determine cardiovascular risk and guide lipid treatment using the Framingham and Reynolds Risk Scores
• Use the CHADS2 score to guide treatment in atrial fibrillation
• Better understand the risk of bleeding from anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation
• ACS using the TIMI risk score
• Burns with rule of 9s and Parkland formula
• Hypernatremia (calculate water deficit)
Determine Prognosis
• Heart failure
• Lymphoma
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• Myeloma
• Glomerulonephritis
• Hemodialysis
• COPD
• TIA
• Pancreatitis
Dose
• Chemotherapy based on Body Surface Area
• Carboplatin based on AUC
• tPA in acute stroke
• Phenytoin in renal failure and hypoalbuminemia
Calculate
• Ideal body weight, BMI and BSA
• Due date and gestational age
• Extensive formula used in echocardiogropathy and invasive hemodynamic monitoring
• Kt/V in dialysis patients
• eGFR with CKD-Epi, Cockcroft-Gault, and MDRD
• A-a gradient
Classify
• Angina (CCS)
• Congestive heart failure (NYHA)
Manage
• Head, neck, ankle and knee injuries
• DVT and PE
• Pulmonary nodules
Stage
• Lung cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma
Understand
• TTKG (transtubular potassium gradient) in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia
• Dermatomes
Diagnose
• Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
• Infective Endocarditis
• ARDS
• Autoimmune Hepatitis



6.Speed Anatomy Quiz Free

Download From Google Play Store

How fast can you point to your liver, gall bladder or incisor? Do you know the difference between the auricle and the utricle? Speed Anatomy is an addictive game that tests your speed and challenges your knowledge of human anatomy! It is the most fun anatomy quiz out there. Don't use boring flashcards when you could use Speed Anatomy!

-Contains close to 300 labeled parts from all the main regions of the body.
-Earn points for precision and speed.
-A magnifying glass appears when holding your finger on an image allowing you to achieve more precision and higher scores.
This games is fun for everyone plus it makes life easy for those tackling anatomy for high school, university or even medical school. Practice mode allows you to learn specific regions without doing all the previous levels.
Contains 28 levels including an overview of bones, muscles, arteries, veins, respiratory system and digestive system also more detailed levels covering bones, lungs, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity,oral cavity, dentition, liver, pancreas, brain, auditory system and visual system.
Also try Speed Bones MD, Speed Muscles MD and Speed Angiology MD for more in depth levels of bones, muscles and the circulatory system in the best anatomy quiz format!

7.Prognosis : Your Diagnosis




Download From Google Play Store


- Top medical app with over 1,500,000 downloads ! 
- Featured in Discover Magazine as 'Dr House for Doctors' 
- Winner of the prize for the Best Health App at the World Summit Awards for Mobile Apps, 2012 
- Selected as "One of the five best apps for Doctors" by the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE)
Want to get the gist of a clinical case study in 2-3 minutes? Try Prognosis : Your Diagnosis - The first and only free Android game that lets you investigate, deduce and diagnose complex clinical cases within minutes with our fun, interactive cartoon-style narrative.
Prognosis is specially designed for Doctors, Medical students and Nurses and each case helps to learn or recall two or three key clinical points that can be applied in your practice.
The cases also provide excellent preparation for the USMLE Step 2 CS, COMLEX, NCLEX, CCRN and MCAT exams, as well as other board examinations and professional licensure tests.
You can use it while waiting for coffee or on the bus, quickly complete a case, learn something new and make the maximum use of your time.
The content is modeled on real life patients, has been checked by a panel of expert medical specialists and is based on current management guidelines.
A new case is added each week. The app will let you know as new cases are added

8.Visual Anatomy Free




Download From Google Play Store

OVERVIEW: 
Visual Anatomy Free is an interactive reference, and education tool. Now it include a rotational organ 3D overview model!! It contains 58 high-resolution images and more than 300 feature points which can be interactively selected. Each feature has its own label and short description. The app also has search function which can be used as searching the labels of all feature points. 8 overview images from Gray's anatomy. Full version has all 1247 images.
In additional, a quiz with 23 multi-choice questions also is included.
USES: 
This app’s primary use is as a learning tool but can also be used for any professional who needs the occasional reminder. Additionally, this app is ideal for physicians, educators or professionals, allowing them to visually show detailed areas to their patients or students - helping to educate or explain conditions, ailments and injuries.

FEATURES: 
•Support English and French (Français) languages.
•muscle description (ORIGIN, INSERTION, NERVE, ACTIONS).
•Tap and Zoom - Pinch zoom into and identify any region, bone or other feature by tapping on the screen. 
•Quiz mode - test yourself with an option to switch off the label of the feature point. 
•Quick Navigation - jump to a different system or organ by selecting the thumbnail. 
•Multi-choice quiz. 
•High-resolution images.
•Free periodic updates.
CONTENTS:
Organ 3D, Muscular System (anterior, posterior and lateral views), Skeletal System (anterior, posterior and lateral views), Circulation System,Body Region,Heart, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, Nervous System, Female and male Reproductive Systems, Ear Structure, Nasal Cavity, Eye.
HOW TO USE:
The user is presented with a high-quality anatomy images. The user can zoom in to any area by tapping on the zoom in button and using the single finger panning function. The feature point (cross) can be selected by tapping on it. Detail button allows you to switch on/off the short description. For muscle section, detail button only show the description. Quiz mode button allows you to switch on/off the label and short description.



9. PubMed Mobile


Download From Google Play Store

Search PubMed database with over 21 million citations for biomedical articles and life science journals
Features
Keyword search with options
Save search query
Save citations
Email citations
View abstract
link to full article if available
Post a comment for an article to public
Write a note to yourself
View public comments for an article
search by PubMed ID, just enter the id in the search box
Pro version has more feature. Please give a try




10. Ob (Pregnancy) Wheel


Download From Google Play Store

Calculate dates of pregnancy:
-Last menstrual period (LMP)
-Estimated date of conception
-Weeks gestational age (WGA)
-WGA obtained by ultrasound
-Estimated due date (EDC)
-Adjust length of cycle and luteal phase
-Store multiple patients for easy retrieval


Please comment below any other popular applications used by you. Also visit -Top 10 Paid Android Medical applications and the steps to get them FREE !!!

List made by Medicos world : www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Tuesday 27 August 2013

Examination Of Respiratory System

How to take history, General Examination and systemic examination.A complete format for undergraduate students for clinical examination .check below presentation



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRyIkFQsth8

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Monday 26 August 2013

Definition Of Love For Medical Students

















Definition : A Serious Disorder Of The Heart Due To Relationship Between A Male and A Female Which Can Sometime Cause Death Of 1 Or Both Depending On The Resistance Associated.

Types: 
- 1 Way
- 2 Ways


Age And Risk Factors : Usualy Occurs After Puberty But Recent Studies Revealed That It Can Happen In Any Age Group Even In Children.



Sites Affected: Brain And Heart


Etiology: 
- Time Pass
- Desired To Be Loved
- Money And Beauty

Symptoms:
- Tension
- Sleeplessness
- Daydream
- Tachycardia
- Insomnia
- Phone Addict
- No Concentration


Investigation:
- Diary
- Album
- Books
- Mobile (Most Confirmatory)


Prevention And Treatment:
- It is a non preventable Condition Especially In The First Attacks 
- Marriage Is The Best Solution For This Condition

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

TYPES OF FACEBOOK DISEASES AND DISORDERS


















Please comment if you find out any other FB Disorders !!!
1.LIKOSIS.
symptoms- the patients likes every status and
pics that they come across with.

2.LIKOPHOBIA
symptoms- the patients dont like any
interesting pics or status they come across
with coz they think that the likes will get
firnished.

3.SHYFBMIASIS



symptoms- the patients log on to f.b after a
very long time then they log off and then log
in later after more than two weeks. its like
they shy away from f.b.

4.TAG SYNDROME
symptoms- the patients want to be tagged in
each and every photo they come across with.

5.SAD SYNDROME
symptoms- the patients tend to update sad
posts. e.g i hate love, i hate my life and so on.

6.REQUEST SYNDROME
symptoms- the patients tend to randomly
send friend request to many people without
any consideration.

7.COMMENTOLARIA
symptoms- the patients seem to be
commenting in each and every post that they
come across with.

8.RUBISHTOSIS
symptoms- the patients tend to be
commenting rubish or negative things on
other peoples posts.

9.POST REMOVIASIS
symptoms- the patients tend to be removing
their posts that received very little or no likes
and comments.

10.ADICTOMIOLOGY
symptoms- the patients cannot stay for more
than 24hours without thinking of facebook.
CONTROL: The above disorders can be
controlled by doing the exact opposite of the
symptoms above

 MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

Medical Robot Keeps Kids Calm during vaccination: study















Researchers in Calgary, Alberta, have tested a new robot programmed to distract children during flu shots. The study, published in medical journalVaccine, found the "MEDi" robot reduced pain and distress in children getting the flu vaccine at Alberta Children's Hospital.

The robot, named MEDi™ (which stands for Medicine and Engineering Designing Intelligence), was purchased by the University of Calgary’s Shulich School of Engineering from Aldebaran Robotics — a French startup company headquartered in Paris — and can mimic many things a child can do.

Reducing children's pain and distress towards flu vaccinations: A novel and effective application of humanoid robotics


Objective

Millions of children in North America receive an annual flu vaccination, many of whom are at risk of experiencing severe distress. Millions of children also use technologically advanced devices such as computers and cell phones. Based on this familiarity, we introduced another sophisticated device – a humanoid robot – to interact with children during their vaccination. We hypothesized that these children would experience less pain and distress than children who did not have this interaction.

Method

This was a randomized controlled study in which 57 children (30 male; age, mean ± SD: 6.87 ± 1.34 years) were randomly assigned to a vaccination session with a nurse who used standard administration procedures, or with a robot who was programmed to use cognitive-behavioral strategies with them while a nurse administered the vaccination. Measures of pain and distress were completed by children, parents, nurses, and researchers.


Results

Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that interaction with a robot during flu vaccination resulted in significantly less pain and distress in children according to parent, child, nurse, and researcher ratings with effect sizes in the moderate to high range (Cohen's d = 0.49–0.90).

Conclusion

This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of child–robot interaction for reducing children's pain and distress during a medical procedure. All measures of reduction were significant. These findings suggest that further research on robotics at the bedside is warranted to determine how they can effectively help children manage painful medical procedures.


Read more details at :medicine.ucalgary.ca

'iKnife' Tells Surgeon Whether Tissue Is Cancerous !!!!




















An experimental surgical "knife" can accurately identify cancerous tissue as a surgeon cuts through it, creating the potential for shorter cancer surgeries that remove all traces of tumor, according to a study co-written by the device's developers.

The "iKnife" uses electricity to cauterize surgical incisions as they are made, and then samples the resulting smoke to determine whether the tissue being cut is healthy or cancerous.

The iKnife accurately identified cancerous and healthy tissue 97 percent of the time in recent human trials, according to the study published July 17 in the journal Science Translational Medicine

Intraoperative Tissue Identification Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry


Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is an emerging technique that allows near–real-time characterization of human tissue in vivo by analysis of the aerosol (“smoke”) released during electrosurgical dissection. The coupling of REIMS technology with electrosurgery for tissue diagnostics is known as the intelligent knife (iKnife). This study aimed to validate the technique by applying it to the analysis of fresh human tissue samples ex vivo and to demonstrate the translation to real-time use in vivo in a surgical environment. A variety of tissue samples from 302 patients were analyzed in the laboratory, resulting in 1624 cancerous and 1309 noncancerous database entries. The technology was then transferred to the operating theater, where the device was coupled to existing electrosurgical equipment to collect data during a total of 81 resections. Mass spectrometric data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and a spectral identification algorithm using a similar approach was implemented. The REIMS approach differentiated accurately between distinct histological and histopathological tissue types, with malignant tissues yielding chemical characteristics specific to their histopathological subtypes. Tissue identification via intraoperative REIMS matched the postoperative histological diagnosis in 100% (all 81) of the cases studied. The mass spectra reflected lipidomic profiles that varied between distinct histological tumor types and also between primary and metastatic tumors. Thus, in addition to real-time diagnostic information, the spectra provided additional information on divergent tumor biochemistry that may have mechanistic importance in cancer.



Read more Details at sciencemag.org