Ophthalmology Journals and other Resources (E-Ophtha)

Today I am sharing a wonderful Ophthalmology online Resource site eophtha.com .This portal is very helpful for those who are more interested in ophthalmology , especially post graduate students.The highlights of eoptha are   e-journal section,  ophthalmology powerpoint section, question banks from various exams and ophthalmology mnemonics .








Don't forget to visit my other best posts in Ophthalmology section.

Main Sections of E-ophtha are :


1) E Journal of Ophthalmology 

This is a  free access half-yearly web resource of ophthalmology which covers most  important topics in ophthalmology such as cataract surgery and lens implantation; glaucoma; retinal, vitreous and macular disorders; corneal and external disorders; refractive surgery; oculoplastic and orbital surgery; neuro-ophthalmology; and ocular manifestations of systemic disease.

2) Illustrated Occular Anatomy
Here anatomy of eye is described in a simple manner with good diagrams. Main contents are Ocular Anatomy at a glance, Anatomy of Conjunctiva, Anatomy of Cornea, Anatomy of Lens, Anatomy of Vitreous
Anatomy of Uvea, Anatomy of Anterior Chamber.

3) Mnemonics
Collection of opthalmology mnemonics to make your study more easy

4) Question papers of Ophthalmology

This section contains post graduate exam question papers from various Indian universities.

5) Powerpoint Gallery of Ophthalmology

One of the most popular section of eoptha. Contains a collection of opthalmology lecture notes in various topics.

6) Useful Websites on Ophthalmology

7) Ophthalmology Classroom

8) Group discussion

9) Ophthalmology Societies Links

10) Ophthalmology Fellowship informations

Don't forget to visit my other best posts in Ophthalmology section.


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Ophthalmology Mnemonics

Behcet's Disease - ORAL UPSET

Occlusive periphlebitis 
Retinitis 
Anterior uveitis 
Leakage from retinal vessels 
Ulceration (aphthous/genital) 
Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test) 
Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism) 
Erythema nodosum 
Thrombophlebitis

Cherry red spot: Causes
"Quick Pick My Tea BAGS"
Quinine amblyopia
niemann Pick's disease
Multiple sulfatase deficiency, Metachromatic leucodystrophy
Tay sach's disease
Berlin's edema
CRAO
Gaucher's disease, Gangliosidosis

Sandhoff's disease, Sialidosis

causes of Choroidal neovascular membrane with- HAMMAR

Histoplasmosis
ARMD
Multifocal Choroiditis
Myopia
Angiod
Rupture of the choroid

Posterior subcapsular cataract: Causes
"I Got A BSC"
Ionizing radiation
Glass blower's cataract
Atopic dermatitis
Busulfan
Steroids

Chloroquine

causes of trabecular pigmentation - PIGMENT

Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion syndrome
Iritis
Glaucoma (Post angle closure Glaucoma)
Melanosis of angle (oculodermal melanosis)
Endocrine (Diabetes & Addison’s Syndrome)
Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome)
Trauma

sterilization in ophthalmology - ABCDEFG

AUTOCLAVE
BOILING
CHEMICALS like Alcohol (Rectified spirit), Isopropyl alcohol/CIDEX: 2% Glutaraldehyde
DRY HEAT temperature of 150°C is used for 90 minutes
ETHYLENE OXIDE for sterilization of IOL etc.
FUMIGATION of operation theatre/ FORMALIN vapour
GAMMA-IRRADIATION: Gamma rays from Cobalt-60

refractive indices of ocular media -8303 (from anterior to posterior)

cornea 1.38
aq humour 1.33
lens 1.40
vit humour 1.33

 "DWARF" for  Nystagmus

Direction=plane of movement-horizontal,vertical

Waveform= Pendular or Jerky

Amplitude= fine or coarse

Rest=At primary position or gaze evolked

Frequency= How often the eye moves

characteristics of Perinaud's Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome - "CLUES"

Convergence retraction nystagmus

Lightnear Dissociation

Upgaze paralysis

Eyelid retraction

Skew deviation

ocular features of acromegaly - ACROM

Angiod streaks

Chiasmal syndrome

Retinopathy

Optic atrophy,papilloedema

Muscle enlargement

systemic features of Marfan syndrome - MARFANS

Mitral prolapse

Aortic dissection

Regurgitant aortic valve

Fingers long (arachnodactyly)

Arm span>height

Nasal voice (high arched palate)

Sternal excavation

ocular features of Marfan’s syndrome - CLUMPS

Cupping (glaucoma)

Lattice

Upward lens subluxation

Myopia

Cornea Plana

Sclera blue

types of colour blindness- TuB PaR DoG

TRITOANOPES = BLUE

PROTOANOPES = RED

DEUTROANOPES= GREEN

Remember the causes of lid retraction with 4 MP

4M= Myasthenia Gravis,Marcus Gunn jaw winkling syndrome,Myotonic causes like dystrophica myotonica.Metabolic cuses like uraemia,cirrhosis

4P=Perinauds syndrome,Parkinson's Disease/Progressive supranuclear palsy,Ptosis of other eye,Palsy (aberrant III crnaial nerve regeneration)

content and veins draining the Cavernous Sinus - Rule of 3

3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain), Ophthalmic vein (Orbit)
3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid plexus
3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI)
3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain (Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit
3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2), Sympathetic

causes of pseudo tumor cerebri - " Idiopathic IDEA"

Idiopathic

Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral infections etc

Drugs-Steroid withdrawl,Vitamin A intoxication,Nalidixic acid,amidarone,cyclosporin,minocycline

Endocrine-obese,amennorrheic woman of child bearing age, Hypoparathyroidism

Anaemia

causes of downbeat nystagmus -DoWNBEAT

Degeneration,Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium)

Wernicke's Encephalopathy

Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebeller degeneration

Brainstem disease (Syringomyelia)

Encephalitis

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Trauma or Toxin

angle structures - "I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line"

Iris root

Cilliary Body

Scleral spur

Trabecular Meshwork

Schwalbe's Line

ocular structures derived from neuroectoderm - MORE

Muscles of pupil
Optic Nerve
Retina (with RPE)
Epithelium of Iris
Epithelium of Cilliary Body

structures derived from surface ectoderm - S1L2E3

Skin of Eyelids and its derivatives viz. cilia, tarsal glands, conjunctival gland
Lens, 
Lacrimal Gland,
Epithelium of Conjunctiva,
Epithelium of Cornea,
Epithelium of lacrimal passage

Stromal dystrophies - Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her Man in LA City.

Macular dystrophy
Mucopolysaccharide
Alcian blue

Granular Dystrophy
Hyaline material
Masson's Trichrome

Lattice Dystrophy
Amyloid
Congo Red

drugs causing cataract -ABCD

Amiodarone 
Busulphan 
Chlorpromazine 
Dexamethasone

causes of Uniocular diplopia - ABCD

Astigmatism
Behavioral: psychogenic
Cataract
Dislocated lens

microtropia-  3 A

Anisometropia

Angle small

Absent central field (Central suppression scotoma)

congenital nystagmus - CONGENITAL

Convergence & eye closure dampens

Oscillopsia absent

Null zone that is present,increases foveation time which results in increased acuity

Gaze poisition doesnot change the horizontal direction of nystagmus

Equal amplitude and frequency in each eye

Near acuity is good

Inversion of optokinetic response

Turning of head to acheive null point

Abolishes in sleep

Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs

posterior scleritis -POST SCLER

Proptosis 
Ophthalmoplegia 
Swelling of disc 
Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space) 
Subretinal exudates 
Choroidal foLds 
Exudative RD 
Ring choroidal detachment

Keratoconus - CONES

Central scarring & Fleischer ring 
Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops) 
Nerves prominent 
Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign) 
Striae (Vogt’s)

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome -ICE

Iris Naevus
Chandler Syndrome
Essential Iris Atrophy

Don't forget to visit my other best posts in Mnemonics section. 
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The girl who cries tears of blood (Haemolacria)

A 20-year-old Chilean woman, Yaritza Oliva, cries tears of blood, and doctors aren't quite sure why.Since June, Oliva has been crying blood tears several times a day, a pain she called "indescribable." 

While doctors have not officially diagnosed the 20-year-old, it's likely that she is one of several people to develop haemolacria, a rare condition marked by bleeding from the eyes.

A simple eye infection and conjunctivitis were ruled out since Oliva continued to shed tears of blood several times per day.

Watch The Video




What is Haemolacria ???

Haemolacria is a physical condition that causes a person to produce tears that are partially composed of blood. It can manifest as tears that are anything from merely red-tinged to appearing to be entirely made of blood.

Haemolacria is a symptom of a number of diseases,and may also be indicative of a tumor in the lacrimal apparatus. It is most often provoked by local factors such as bacterial conjunctivitis, environmental damage or injuries.

Acute haemolacria can occur in fertile women and seems to be induced by hormones, similarly to what happens in endometriosis.

Though a sanguineous discharge is relatively frequent in conditions of acute conjunctival hyperaemia and inflammation, occurrence of bleeding from conjunctiva as an isolated phenomenon is exceptionally rare. 

Duke Elder  outlined the differential diagnosis of bloody tears; severe anaemia, jaundice, vascular tumours, Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia) haemophilia and other coagulopathies.

Other causes reported are vicarious menstruation, conjunctival manipulation for follicle expression in trachoma, clinical treatment of conjunctiva with silver nitrate and epistaxis with retrograde blood stream into conjunctiva through puncta lacrimalia .

Recently Bona-volanta and Sammaritino  attributed orbital varix as a cause of bloody tears. In another interesting case Richard and Eifermam  blamed secondary giant papillary conjunctivitis for bloody tears.


Read more scientific journals about Haemolacria at Google Scholar

courtesy : www.ijo.in,wikipedia.org , isciencetimes.com ,news.com.au ,huffingtonpost.com

MEDICOS WORLD - www.mediconet.blogspot.com

ophthalmology videos

www.rootatlas.com is chock-full of eye videos taken at the slit-lamp. Here you’ll find movies covering a wide variety of ocular pathology, ranging from the cornea all the way back to the retina.

Check out our huge selection of streamable/downloadable ophthalmology videos. These eye videos are great for beginning residents and medical students and the acting clinician. Plus, each is in a downloadable form for placing in powerpoint applications for group learning.



For useful medical websites http://mediconet.blogspot.com/

Eyetube

Eyetube is a web site created by a panel of experts to better educate ophthalmologists through the online archiving and sharing of videos.

Surgery Channels

Cataract Cornea Glaucoma Laser Vision Correction
Oculoplastics Refractive IOL Retina

Eyetube Sections

Video Collections Symposia Videos
Practice Development

For useful medical websites http://mediconet.blogspot.com/

Digital reference of ophthalmology

The Digital Reference of Ophthalmology is produced by the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology of Columbia University. This educational resource contains colour ophthalmic images and descriptive text covering oculoplastics, cornea and external diseases, glaucoma, lens and cataract, vitreous and retina, neuro-ophthalmology, and paediatric and strabismus.



For useful medical websites http://mediconet.blogspot.com/

Atlas of eye disorders

RedAtlas.org is a free, electronic atlas of eye disorders designed to help Ophthalmologists and Optometrists-in-training learn to identify eye diseases through pattern recognition

Click here to find out how to use this website.


HomeAnterior SegmentGlaucomaNeuro-OphthalmologyOculoplasticsPathologyRetinaUveitis


For useful medical websites http://mediconet.blogspot.com/

The Atlas of Ophthalmology

The Atlas of Ophthalmology is a public online database, free of charge, edited by specialists in the field
CONTENTS

Anterior Chamber

Choroid

Congenital Syndromes, Malformations and Abnomalities

Conjunctiva

Cornea

Glaucomas, Ocular Hypertension

iPod Beiträge

Iris and Ciliary Body

Lacrimal System

Lens

Lids

Neuro-Ophthalmology

Optic Nerve

Orbit

Retina

Sclera

Strabismus, Ocular Motility Disorders

Systemic Diseases

Vitreous

Z_Op-Videos

EYEATLAS ONLINE

EYEATLAS ONLINE
It is a database of ophthalmological images that could be useful for eye doctors, general physicians and medical student


Pictures can be reproduced or used with permission of the author.

The index is on the top of each page.

The author
Umberto Benelli, MD, PhD is born in Carrara. Actually he work in the Eye Center of the University of Pisa as researcher.